Autore
Staiano, Fulvia

Titolo
Targeting Civilians: AI-based Decision Support Systems Through the Prism of "Ius in Bello"
Periodico
Diritti umani e diritto internazionale
Anno: 2025 - Volume: 45 - Fascicolo: 3 - Pagina iniziale: 795 - Pagina finale: 813

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of armed conflict not only raises serious questions of compliance with the international humanitarian law, but it also poses problems of qualification of relevant conducts as war crimes. When AI-based decision support systems (AI-based DSS) are used for targeting purposes, in particular, the integration of both the material and the subjective elements of such crimes as defined by Rome Statute may be particularly complex. Using media reports concerning the use of AI-based DSS in the first stages of the ongoing conflict in Gaza as a starting point, this contribution highlights such problems of qualification particularly with reference to the war crime of intentionally attacking civilians under art. 8(2)(b)(i) of the Rome Statute. Against this background, it will be argued that an interpretation of the Rome Statute provisions on war crimes through the lens of international humanitarian law principles – particularly the principles of precaution and distinction – bears the potential to overcome these difficulties and ensure that AI does not serve to conceal perpetrators’ material conduct or their "mens rea".



SICI: 1971-7105(2025)45:3<795:TCADSS>2.0.ZU;2-T
Testo completo: https://www.rivisteweb.it/download/article/10.12829/119539
Testo completo alternativo: https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.12829/119539

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