The Jeunesse Ouvriere Chrétienne Internationale (JOCI), established in 1945 and a key organization of post-war Catholic internationalism, witnessed a crisis when several national branches left the international structure and founded the rivalling Coordination Internationale de la Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne (CIJOC) in 1986. This crisis is an interesting vantage point to rethink the history of JOCI and more broadly of Catholic internationalism as it evolved after WWII. Seeking a comprehensive understanding of this scission and its significance in the broader field of Catholic internationalism, this contribution places the history of the JOCI against the backdrop of the supposed ‘fragmentation' of the Catholic international landscape that occurred in the 1960s. In doing so, it highlights longstanding tensions surrounding global expansion and institutional democracy, as well as the impact of ecclesial pressure on the jocist movement. In this light, the events of 1986 emerge as a combination of long-term rifts and short-term political maneuvering.