The article analyzes the phenomenon of limpieza social, the killing of marginalized individuals in Colombia, and the forms of violence expressed within it. Despite being a convergence point of heterogeneous forces and actors driven by different objectives, limpieza social presents an element of political violence. The active and passive mediation in which the Colombian State has engaged in the inception and maintenance of social cleansing consolidated as a violent practice, openly detrimental to human rights, which has characterized the country’s history.